ARTICLE / MAKALE Gas Turbine Compression Boiler lgnition Engine SOx SOx SOx Gas Sulphur Content of 35 mg/MJ Fireci fuel must be < 70 mg/MJ Oil Fireci Sulphur Content of Distillate oil - < 0.2 155 mg/m3 (1 % w/w fuel must be < 0.2% % w/w sulphur sulphur) w/w Resiciue oil - < 2 % w/w sulphur Coal lnciigenous coal 3000 mg/m3 Nan inciigenous coal 2 000 mg/m3 Notes 15% 02 for turbines and engines, figures in (ltalics), are for existing plant. Future Environmental Legislation in 1997, the European Union introduced the Directive on lntegrated Pollution Prevention and Control, and the UK Government will therefore introduce changes in UK legislation to take effect from 1st November 1999. These changes will involve the removal of Part 1 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, and the enactment of the Pollution Prevention and Control Act. This Act will rely largely on implementation of regulations to be issued by the DETR and enforced by the Environment Agency, who will be responsible for a permit system similar to the existing IPC regime. Loca! Authorities will retain their role in regulating air pollution from some installations. The new system must take account of energy efficiency as a prime objective of environmental compliance. IPPC will apply to ali new processes from November 1999, and will progressively encompass ali regulated processes by 2007. Noise Ali cogeneration systems have a prime mover that emits noise into the adjacent area and the exhaust stream. Most cogeneration systems have auxiliary equipment, which generates noise either continually or intermittently. Noise levels that damage health or are a nuisance are classified as 'statutory nuisances' under Part 3 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Local authorities have a duty to investigate any complaints. As a result engines and gas turbines frequently require a silencer in the ductwork or chimney to reduce the exhaust noise; a waste heat recovery boiler attenuating the sound of the prime mover can sometimes avoid this. Exhaust silencing may be required because of the chimney height, the type of engine or turbine, and the design of the waste heat recovery system or other factors. Liquid Effluents A cogeneration plant does not generate large quantities of liquid effluent. However, the following effluent can cause environmental damage if not controlled and should be considered in the system design. • Boiler Blowdown and drain effluent contain suspended solids and quantities of chemicals used for treating the boiler feedwater. The total water content of the boiler needs to be drained through the system for boiler maintenance and inspection purposes. • Effluent from water treatment plant which arises from periodic washing and system re- generation. • Effluent drainage from plant cleaning procedures such as turbine washing systems. • Effluent generated by installation and commissioning procedures including pipework flushing and chemical equipment cleaning. Disposing of any liquid effluent in a public sewerage system or into the environment requires approval from the appropriate authority. Some form of treatment may be required for these effluents and some sites have an existing suitable effluent treatment system. in some cases effluent will need to be put in containers, removed, and disposed of by specialist contractors. ■ SOURCE: COGEN EUROPE COGENERATİON WORLO & Reneable Energy �
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