Enerji ve Çevre Dünyası 11. Sayı (Mayıs-Haziran 2002) / Ecogeneration World - Cogeneration, Waste Recovery, Renewables & On-site Generation - Kojenerasyon Atıktan Enerji, Yenilebilir Enerji, Yerinde Üretim

AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU VE KONSEYİ 2OO1/77/EC DİREKTİFİ ct,ııeneration, 'Wasıe rı corresponding purchase of electricity as a contribution to the fulfilment of a national quota obligation. However, to facilitate irade in electricity produced from renewable energy sources and to increase transparency for the consumer's choice between electricity produced from nonrenewable and electricity produced from renewable energy sources, the guarantee of origin of such electricity is necessary. Schemes for the guarantee oforigin do not by themselves imply a right to benefıt from national support mechanisms established in different Member States. it is important that all forms of electricity produced from renewable energy sources are covered by such guarantees of origin. (11) it is important to distinguish guarantees of origin clearly from exchangeable green certificates. (12) The need for public support in favour of renewable energy sources is recognised in the Community guidelines for State aid for environmental protection (1 ), which, amongst other options, lake account of the need to internalise external costs of electricity generation. However, the rules of the Treaty, and in particular Articles 87 and 88 thereof, will continue to apply to such public support. (13) A legislative framework for the market in renewable energy sources needs to be established. (14) Member States operate different mechanisms of support for renewable energy sources at the national level, including green certifıcates, investment aid, tax exemplions or reductions, tax refunds and direct price support schemes. One important means to achieve the aim of this Directive is to guarantee the proper functioning of these mechanisms, until a Community framework is put into operation, in order to maintain investor confıdence. (15) it is too early to decide on a Community-wide framework regarding support schemes, in view of the limited experience with national schemes and the current relatively low share of price supported electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the Community. (16) it is, however necessary to adapt, after a sufficient transitional period, support schemes to the developing internal electricity market. it is therefore appropriate that the Commission monitor the situation and present a report on experience gained with the application of national schemes. lf necessary, the Commission should, in the light of the conclusions of this report, make a proposal for a Community framework with regard to support schemes for electricity produced from renewable energy sources. That proposal should contribute to the achievement of the national indicative targets, be compatible with the principles of the internal electricity market and take into account the characteristics of the different sources of renewable energy, together with the different technologies and geographical differences. it should also promote the use of renewable energy sources in an effective way, and be simple and at the same time as efficient as possible, particularly in terms of cost, and include suffıcient transitional periods of at least seven years, maintain investors' confıdence and avoid stranded costs. This framework would enable electricity from renewable energy sources to compete with electricity produced from non-renewable energy sources and limit the cost to the consumer, while, in the medium term, reduce the need for public support. (17) lncreased market penetration of electricity produced from renewable energy sources will allow for economies of scale, thereby reducing costs. (18) it is important to utilise the strength of the market forces and the internal market and make electricity produced from renewable energy sources competitive and atlractive to European citizens. (19) When favouring the development of a market for renewable energy sources, it is necessary to take into account the positive impact on (1) OJ C 37, 3.2.2001, p. 3. 58 ] ECOGENERATION WORLO regional and local development opportunities, export prospects, social cohesion and employment opportunities, especially as concerns small and medium-sized undertakings as well as independent power producers. (20) The specifıc structure of the renewable energy sources sector should be laken into account, especially when reviewing the administrative procedures for obtaining permission to construct plants producing electricity from renewable energy sources. (21) in certain circumstances it is not possible to ensure fully transmission and distribution of electricity produced from renewable energy sources without affecting the reliability and safety of the gr i d system and guarantees in this context may therefore include financial compensation. (22) The costs of connecting new producers of electricity from renewable energy sources should be objective, transparent and non-discriminatory and due account should be laken of the benefit embedded generators bring to the grid. (23) Since the general objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the action, be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. Their detailed implementation should, however, be left to the Member States, thus allowing each Member State to choose the regime which corresponds besi to its particular situation. in accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives, HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Article 1 Purpose The purpose of this Directive is to promote an increase in the contribution of renewable energy sources to electricity production in the internal market for electricity and to create a basis for a future Community framework thereof. Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: (a) 'renewable energy sources' shall mean renewable non-fossil energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, wave, tidal, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases); (b) 'biomass' shall mean the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste; (c) 'electricity produced from renewable energy sources' shall mean electricity produced by plants using only renewable energy sources, as well as the proportion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in hybrid plants also using conventional energy sources and including renewable electricity used for filling storage systems, and excluding electricity produced as a resul! of storage systems; (d) 'consumption of electricity' shall mean national electricity production, including autoproduction, plus imports, minus exports (gross national electricity consumption). in addition, the definitions in Directive 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 1996 concerning common rules for the internal market of electricity ( 1 ) shall apply.

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