Enerji ve Çevre Dünyası 12. Sayı (Temmuz-Ağustos 2002) / Ecogeneration World - Cogeneration, Waste Recovery, Renewables & On-site Generation - Kojenerasyon Atıktan Enerji, Yenilebilir Enerji, Yerinde Üretim

Protocol to the United Nations Fraınework Coııveııtioıı on Climate Change, and of any policy package to met further commitments. The Commissioıı in its Communication on the implementation ofthe fırst phase ofthe Europeaıı Climate Change Programme 39 identifıed promotion ofcogeneration as one ofthe measures needed to reduce the greeııhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and announced its intention to present a proposal for a Directive on the promotion of cogeneration in 2002. (6) The increased correct use of cogeneration is a priority as outlined in the Communication "A Community strategy to proınote combined heat and power (CHP) and to dismantle barriers to its development"40 . This was endorsed by the 27 Council in its resolution of 18 December 1 997 on a Community strategy to promote combined heat and power 41 , and by the European Parliament in its resolution of 23 April 1998 on the Coınnıunity strategy to promote combined heat and power 42 . (7) The Council in its Conclusions of30 May 2000 and of5 December 2000 43 endorsed the Commission's Action Plan on energy effıciency 44 aııd identifıed proınotion of cogeneration as one of the short-terın priority areas. The European Parliament in its resolution of 7 February 200 l 45 on the Action Plan on energy effıciency called on the Commission to submit proposals establishing common rules for the promotion ofcogeneration, where this makes environmental sense. (8) Council Directive 96/6 1/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control 46 , Directive 200 l /80/EC of the European Parliaınent and ofthe Council on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants 47 and Directive 2000/76/EC ofthe European Parliaınent and ofthe Council on the incineration ofwaste 48 all recite the need to evaluate the potential for cogeneration in new installations. (9) High effıciency cogeneration is in this directive defıned by the energy savings obtained by combined production in stead of separate production ofheat and electricity. For existing plants energy savings ofmore than 5%, and for new plants energy savings ofmore than 10% qualify for the ternı 'higlı effıciency cogeneration'. To maxinıise the energy savings and to avoid tlıat energy savings are lost through incorrect operation of the cogeneration plants the greatest attention nıust be paid to tlıe functioning conditions of these plants, mainly to ensure that the heat production is being properly used. (10) It is important for nıonitoring purposes and for reasons of traıısparency to adopt a harnıoııised basic defınition ofcogeneration. Where cogeneration installations are equipped to generate separate electricity or heat production, such production should be excluded from the defınition of cogeneration. (11) To ensure that only cogeneration that provides benefıts in terıns ofprimary eııergy savings is promoted, it is necessary to develop additional criteria to deterınine and quantify the energy effıciency oftlıe cogeneratioıı production identifıed under the basic defınition. To avoid distortions ofthe internal energy market, national effıciency reference values used to define high-effıciency cogeneration slıould be adopted on the basis ofa common nıethodology. (12) The defınitions ofcogeneration and ofhiglı-effıciency cogeneration used in this Directive do not prejudge the use ofdifferent defınitions in national legislation, for purposes other than those set out in this Directive. it is appropriate to borrow tlıe defınitions contained in Directive 96/92/EC ofthe European Parliaıııent and ofthe Council of 19 December 1 996 concerning coııımon rules for the internal market of electricity 49 and in Directive 2001/77/EC oftlıe European Parliament and of the Council of 27 Septenıber 200 l on the pronıotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity nıarket.50 (13) To increase transparencyfor the consunıer's choice between electricity from cogeneration and electricity produced on the basis of other teclıniques, guarantee oforigin oflıigh effıciency cogeneration is necessary. (14) To ensure increased market penetration ofcogeneration in the medium term, it is appropriate to require all Member States to adopt and publislı a report analysing the national potential for high-effıciency cogeneration and to include a separate analysis of barriers to cogeneration in the report. The Conımissioıı, on the basis of these reports and the progress made in aclıieving the global indicative Comıııunity target of 1 8% of electricity consunıption fronı cogeneration by 20 l O, slıould consider whether it is appropriate to establish indicative objectives for each Meıııber State. Special considerations should be given to analysing tlıe scope for increased use of reııewable energy sources in the national heat nıarkets via cogeneration. (15) Public support should be consistent with the provisions oftlıe Coııııııunity guidelines on State aid for environmental protection 51 • These guidelines currently allow certain types of public support if it can be slıown that the ıııeasures are benefıcial in terıııs of protection o fthe eııvironnıent because the conversion effıciency is particularly high, because the measures will allow energy con suıııption to be reduced or because the production process will be less daıııaging to the environıııent. Such support will in soıııe cases be necessary to further exploit the potential for cogeneration, in particular to take account of the need to intemalise external costs. 39 COM(2001) 580 final 40 COM(97) 514 final 41 OJ C 4, 8.1.1998, p. 1 42 A4-0145/98 43 Council Conclusions 8835/00 (30 May 2000) and Council Conclusions 1400/00 (5 Dcccmber 2000). 44 COM(2000) 247 final 45 A5-0054/2001. 46 OJ L 257, 10.10.1996, p. 26 47 OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 1 48 OJ L 332, 28.12.2000, p. 91 49 OJ L 27, 30.01.1997, p.20 50 OJ L 283, 27.10.2001, p.33 51 OJ C 37, 03.02.2001 , pages 3-15 ECOGENERATION WORLD 61

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