48 MAKALE / ARTICLE Large Combustion Plant Directive (Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants) Applies to installations for production of energy with a rated thermal input greater than 50 MW, with many exceptions; defines emission threshold values and the measures necessary to achieve these; requires that the technical and economic feasibility of CHP is examined for new plants. lnformation from the Commission -Community guidelines on State aid tor environmental protection Is not binding Community legislation per se, but an important guideline for the authorization of national CHP support schemes by the European Commission; these schemes are explicitly encouraged and are normally considered acceptable, sets out conditions for investment and operation aid; applicable until 31 December 2007. Finally, in 1997 the European Commission produced a Communication 'A community strategy to promote CHP and to dismantle barriers to its development'. it is not a legally binding measure, but a policy document taking a first step towards a European CHP Directive. it highlights many of the economic, institutional and regulatory barriers that CHP is stili facing, and underlines the role that national policies have for the development of CHP. The strategy set the Community target of doubling the current share of CHP from 9% to 18%. FORTHCOMING LEGISLATION Completion of the internal energy market The proposedDirective forms part of a package published in 2001 which also includes a Communication from the Commission entitled 'Completing the internal energy market' and new measures on cross-border electricity EUA� UK s� Spaın Poııugal TheNOtheılandt ııaıy lreıan<I Greeoo Frıınc:o Fıntand Denmaı k -a - o 1 10 1 1 1 1 20 30 50 1 60 FIGURE ı. CHP as a percmt.ıge of natıonaı electrkıty pıoductıon tn l999and possıtııe grovıth to .ıchleve the EU target ECOGENERATION WORLD exchanges. in March 2002, the European Parliament came forward with many significant amendments to the proposed Directive. Also, intensive debate within the Council of Ministers has started, notably as a resul! of the European Council in Barcelona in March 2002. The Draft Directive principally aims to achieve more liberalization, faster in both the electricity and the gas markets. This would include faster market opening, fairer access to networks, further unbundling and more cross-border exchanges, but also complementary measures to protect the environment. With regard to CHP, the Parliaments most important propositions on the Electricity Directive are listed below. O A number of new concepts are introduced, such as 'embedded generation' and centralized and decentralized generation.' O Electricity undertakings should have to disclose in their electricity bills to final customers, and in all their advertising material, the mix of energy sources and fuels (e.g. nuclear, renewable, coal ete.) used to produce the electricity delivered, including the percentage of CHP, and the overall environmental impact of this mix. O Small, decentralized generators of less than 1 5 MW capacity and principally all embedded generators should benefit from simplified authorization procedures. No authorization should be required for companies or dwellings that want to generale their own electricity with fuel cells, micro-CHP or similar technologies. O in order to avoid discrimination among electricity producers, grid operation should be completely independent from the commercial interests of generators and suppliers of electricity. Member States should therefore principally enforce separate ownership of transmission systems. O Grid connection costs for new CHP and/or for electricity producers from renewable energy sources have to be objective, transparent and non-discriminatory. The same applies to network use tariffs. For decentralized generators, these should reflect the long-term, marginal, avoided network costs. A European benchmarking system should be established which could be used to establish and control network tariffs. O Distribution system operators are requested to consider demand side management measures and/or decentralized/ embedded electricity generation during their planning processes, because these could make network upgrades unnecessary. They also should be obliged to provide aggregated information on interconnections, network use and allocation of capacity to everybody interested. □ Member States should annually report to the European Commission on market dominance, predatory and anti - competitive behaviour. When monitoring these issues, the Commission shall lake account of the potential benefits of decentralized generation.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTcyMTY=