48 MAKALE / ARTICLE Pro�m, Unlt Condemnlng Limit Preferred Test Method Viscosity cSt -20%/+25 at 100 ° C ASTM 0445 Viscosity cSt -25%/+55 at 40 ° C ASTM 0445 Water %vol. /% mass max. 0.30 ASTM 095/01744 BaseNumber mgKOH/g max. 50% depletion ASTM 02896 Total Ac i d Number mg KOH/g max. 2.5 increase ASTM 0664 lnsolubles in n-Pentane %mass max. 1.0 ASTM O893b Oxidation Abs/cm max. 25 IR Figure 5: Condemning limits of ıısed lubricating oil: gas engines. Demands for medlum-speed dlesel and gas engine lubricating oils: • Excellent thermal stability • Excellent oxidation stability • Effective capability to neutralize acid compounds entering lube oil • Slow viscosity increase rate (influence of insoluble matter & oxidation) • Excellent water shedding properties (removal of water alsa from used lube oil) • Excellent compatibility with fuels preventing deposit formation into piston cooling gallery deposit formation on piston ring groove area black sludge / deposit formation on cold engine component surfaces sticking of fuel injection pumps Figure 6: Lubricating oil reqııireıneııts. hl fotth ec oprirsot soino nr i nagn dg rdoeofvoer ms aatrieo nf ı lol ef dt hwei t mh at ht iecrki a l . lbaey er ri ds i nogf coar rsbtoi cnk idnegpoofs itth lea ypei srtso, nt hrei n rgess, u l t w i l l leading to scuffing and even piston seizure. Ac ocmi dbi cu sctoi omnbruesst ii od un egsaesnetsercot hneta liunbi nrgi c a t i n g o i l ve fi afe bc ltoi vwe-l yb yn. eHuet rrael i tzhee sl uu lbprhi cuar t ianngdo ni l 'i tsr oagbei l int y t o bp ar esveednct i nogm pcoourrnodssioni s ovfetrhyei mepnogri nt aen t for components. c aL o g u n e b t r s a i c c a a t n t w d in ig t t h o o a s il o i r im n c e o t h n e e t x a t s in e u i n n m t g o p o x i x i s d y iz g in e e s n c. o a Sn n o t d i o n u t t h o e u u n s s t e rs tChoeulpulberdicwatitinhgluobilrwith blow-by products. i cating oil oxidation, soot ll eu ba rdi cs attoi n ag n oi inl sc raeraes ee xi pn evci tsecdo st oi t yh. aNnadt luer at hl l yi s, amrienai mausmwteol l , eknes eu rpei n gl o vn igs cooi ls i ct yh ai nncgree ai nstee rt ov atlhse. ee fxfai cmi epnl te c, ewnht ri ci fhu gci an ng ec xatne nr ed dtuhcee uhsieg ho fwtahtee rl ucbor ni ct aetni nt ,gf oori l . Mp eorrfeo rsmt rai nncgee nat rqeu nael i tcye sr es aqruyi r eomwei nngt stofodr el ucbreriacsaet di n gl uobirl i c a t i n g oil consumption, discussed in more detail below. Figure 6 ds ue mv eml oapr ii nz ge sn tehwe fkoerym au rl ae tai os n tsh af ot rn teoedda ya' st t emn toi od ne r wn hhei gn h l y w bin a a t t t c h e h e r i c c s a a r n s e e l b a e oti f v s e c e o l p y o a n r li e a n w t g e w d a a n o d t u e tr i n f l r e g o a o m k o a d t g h ee c , o l i un t d b is i r t i i c o e a n s t , s in ie t g n w t o i o a il u l . l t l d h f a a b t n e t h o a e i l p ity tcoonretapmlacineattihoen.whole batch simply because of water a rh a o r t e l e d v e en d r g y ie i n i s m e e pl c o ao r n m t d a p no g t n a f e o s n r e t p n s r g e ui v n e a e n c s t e . i n s O g x li t k i h d e e a t t f h io o e n r m p a a is n t t d io o nn t h o te o f r p m d ea c p l o oo s s t li i a n ts b g i l o it n y rf gc ao lol el i rnyg agnadl l epri sy t so ing nr ii fni gc aznot lnyei.nTc rhei caks ed et hp eo stiet ml apyeerrast ui nr et hoef pt hi set o n piston top beyond what the material can stand, resulting in :2 � 1.0 :§ f 0.8 :g 0.6 o (.) 'ö gı 0.4 Minimum ■ Average Maximum Cs i on cmep al utbi br ii lci tayt iwn gi t ho ifl uies l -ionr i cgoi nnat at ecdt wc oi t mh pcooumnbduss ti si o ni mrpeosri dt aunets cf oornmt aa itni oi nng oans pb oh at hl t e' cnoel ds .' ePnogoi rn ec ocmo pmaptoi bni lei tnyt sl e(acdr as ntkoc adseep, o s i t cc oa mo l isnhga fgt acl loemr yp, apri tsmt oenn tr)i nagn zd o'nh eo ,t ' f uc eo lmi npjoencet inotns p( pu ims tpo)n. ittoap l s o dh au sra ba i l ni t ey gaant idv eu l itmi mpaatcetl yo pn oewnegri npel a cn oı ma vpaoinl aebnitl i tpye. r f o r m a n c e , Lubricating oil consumption Td rhaes ti inctar ol l yd urcetdi ounc eodf tl hu eb r iacnatti i-npgo loi si lh i n g r i n g ec on gn si nuems p, tai os n h ians Wb ea er tns i lwa edl li edsoecl uamn ed n tgeads. Ll oonwg ee rr loui lb rriecsai tdi negn coei l tci moen siunmt hp et i osny sr teesmu l tas nidn a therefore less make-up oil has to be added. .:: rı:ı (.) ·.::: � 0.2 vı vı e> O.O 1 1 .ı Figure 7 toi oi l na pv parl uoev si a ll l u m ts e t e r s a a is t s e . u s r T e h l d u e b rr v e ic a c a l e u t n e in t s l g y o o i r n i i l g l i c u n o b a r n t i e s c u a f m r t o in p m g fmi geudr ei usms- hs op we etdh adt i ef useell qaunadl i tgyaist s eel fn gdi on eess . n To th e oh ai l vceo na sn uy ms pi gt inoi fni c. ai nn t ei nnfgl ui neensc eo poenr al ut ibnrgi c oa tni n g hoei l asveypfaurealtoori l , i scornetcinoumomusenudseedo. f a l u bricating Natura! Gas Light Fuel Oil Heavy Fuel 011 Figure 7: Exaınples of lııbricating oil coıısııınption figııres. ENERJi & KOJENERASYON DONYASI
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