Design tor energy savings Design for energy savings can involve using different metrics than are normally used to rate equipment. This is because the target of the ss yusptperme sissi os na vi ni ni sgoel an et i or gny. Nr aotnhee rotfhtahen ,csoamy,ppoonwe netrspor of da u c t i o n o r h u m i d ity CHP system are designed with an awareness of energy savings, so this must be the irmolpeoofthe overall system controller during its operation. Also the rtance of parasitic power in cooling applications should be laken into account. This has an important effect in CHP cooling applications should be laken into account. This has an important effect in CHP cooling applications, where the equipment using waste heat has significant electrical consumption. Considering the relatively low thermal effıciency ofthe electrical generator in the absence of heat recovery, it should be apparent how valuable this electrical output is from the system. Design tor buildings Design for building recognizes that unlike many conventional CHP systems, there is no large heat sinktodump heating and cooling into, but a building with a diverse range ofenergyrequirements. Cooling and heating can be achieved in many different areas and components ofthe building. Selecting the most appropriate match ofschedules and loads is a challenge particularto CHP for buildings. Design tor maintenance Design for maintenance should be a priority with relatively complicated energy systems. While the system may be more complicated, well-implemented user interfaces and diagnosticians can simplify the system for the technicians to work on it, so that they do need to be experts in all the various components. Centralized and accessible controls are an essential aspectofthis target. At the more particular end ofthis scale come considerations such as standardizing to common tools and equipment so that work can easily be carried out on the systems. The array of tools currently required at the Chesapeake Building covers everything from American HVAC equipment with British-made fittings to European automotive gear builtentirelywith metric components. Each CHP componentcomeswith itsown manual, wiring color scheme, and layoutthatneedsto be understood before any maintenance can be conducted. Service intervals also differ wildly between components, such as cooling towers, reciprocating engines, turbines and HVAC equipment. These four areas make up the outline ofthe lessons at the Chesapeake BD uOi lEd ian ng dl eraersneeadr cohvceor nt hseo rl at i su ımt hmr eeemybeearrssf, oarntdh egiirvoewgno o d g u i d a n c e t o R&D agendas. With equipment and layout changes in the systems occurring every cooling season, the Test Genler allows its sponsors to explore the potential ofthe integrated systems under realisticoperating conditions. The Test lntegration Genlershowsthat distributed generation equipment - properly integrated with heating, cooling and/or humidity control equipment - can be successfully packaged and coupled with an offıce building. Future generations of integrated energy systems will provide reliable and economically viable services to the customers who use them. MAKALE / ARTICLE ı- A step beyond? Designing newbuildings tooptimize CHP The link between building design and energy use is key to !ES: buildings can be designed or retrofitted to make optimal use of distributed generation and CHP systems. For example, thermal recovery and thermally activated technologies such as chillers and desiccants should be based near the power generation technology to minimize heat /oss. Conventional electric equipment should be appropriately sized to a building to meet part of its load with CHP Ducts should be housed inside the building for greater insulation and reduced thermal energy loss, with straighter configurations. Should the building designer put /he HVAC pipes inside /he building for betler insulation? How do HVAC and CHP piping overlay? What role do building controls p/ay? Questions like these could be answered through a concerted effort between CHP enthusiasts and green buifding organizations or even the American lnstitute of Architects. The US Green Building Council (USGBC) is /eading a national consensus platform for producing a new generation of buildings /hat deliver high performance inside and out. Council members work together to develop '/eadership in energy and environmental design' (LEED) products and resources, policy guidance, and educational and marketing tools that support the adoption of sustainable building. LEED provides a complete framework for assessing building performance and meeting sustainability goals. Based on scientific standards, LEED emphasizes strategies for sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials section and indoor environmental quality. LEED recognizes achievements and promotes expertise in green building through a system offering projeci certification, professional accreditation, training and practical resources. Wi/1 /his leading strategy to green up buildings ever consider va/uing CHP? The LEED program is currently considering specifying points for CHP USGBC used to specify points for specific technologies. Now it just provides points for energy performance and lets the design de/ermine what the besi technologies are. Bil/ Browning, a member of the LEED Energy Technica/ Advisory Group, says, 'CHP has been discussed on and off within /he LEED. At /his juncture, the direction seems to be /hat separate points for CHP would be a double counting of energy efficiency credits. CHP strategies, particularly where they are considered as part of a carbon dioxide minimization scheme, would likely qualify for LEED lnnovation credits'. By integrating individual CHP equipment components in/o packaged systems, /hen integrating those systems into building designed to optimize the CHP system, economies of scale could be attained more readily and quickly - a boan not only for commercial property owners, but a/so for air qua/ity. ENERJi & KOJENERASYON OÜNYASI 61
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