48 ARTICLE / MAKALE Objective of Directive CHP targets and potential Grid issues Rules on CHP support policies Annex il Annex 111 European Parliament 1st Reading Directive should increase primary energy savings in power production and develop and promote CHP, thereby achieving an increased CHP share • EU and each Member State (MS) to achieve CHP output of at least 18% by 2012. MS that are already beyond that target are not allowed to decrease their CHP share by 2012. • MS to establish CHP targets for 2012, 2015 and 2020 • Assessment of CHP potentials according to Commission's proposal • MS to realize 20% of their CHP potential by 2010. Commission to propose measures if progress not sufficient • Commission can revise national targets if MS targets and/or progress in CHP development are insufficient. • Commission's proposal principally kept • System operators to bear full grid connection costs for micro-CHP • Obligation to reduce obstacles to grid connection of units <1 MWe to a minimum • Feed-in tariff for electricity from micro-CHP should be at least equal to household electricity tariffs • MS to ensure that support to CHP does not discriminate between operators and the use of the CHP electricity, heat and mechanical energy output • CHP and non-CHP electricity always to be calculated using the work-related power-to-heat ratio • Stili, default power-to-heat ratios suggested in the Directive may be used (Directive proposes lower values for industrial CHP than for district heating CHP) Detailed methodology to calculate the work-related powerto-heat ratio is suggested ('Prothermo-method') • This method should, however, be evaluated and possibly improved by a CEN Workshop prior to adoption of the Directive • Guarantees of origin for CHP electricity can only be issued if calculation methods in this Annex are used • Efficiency thresholds as in Commission's proposal (5%, 10%, 0-5% for units <1 MWe) • Calculation of primary energy savings based on comparing CHP marginal electrical efficiency (EEE) with reference power planı • Possibility to adopt specific reference values for CHP using waste heat, residual fuels and alternative fuels • Commission to analyze principles for comparing CHP with separate power and heat production and on harmonized reference values one year at the latest after the Directive comes into force, and after consultation of CHP association and MS • Commission to issue harmonized efficiency reference values two years at the latest after the Directive comes into force ENERJİ & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI Council Common Position (Preliminary) • Promotion and development of CHP for more energy efficiency and security of supply • No provisions on targets • Assessment of CHP potentials according to Commission's proposal • Commission's proposal replaced by three grid-access rules of Article 7 of the Renewables Directive: - Paragraph 1 (guarantee of transmission, priority dispatch, possibility of priority access) - Paragraph 2 (transparent, non-discriminatory, objective rules, and published tariffs for grid access) - Paragraph 5 (sharing of grid system costs) • Published prices for back-up and top-up electricity • Possibility of easier grid access for small-scale CHP <1 • Rules for support schemes according to Commission's proposal • CHP electricity to be calculated if annual total efficiency is <75-80%, using the operational power-to-heat ratio of the unit measured when working at full capacity in CHP mode • MS may alsa use default power-to-heat ratios, either defineci by themselves or values suggested in the Directive • Calculation of non-CHP electricity with methods other than Annex il possible until 2010 • MS allowed calculating primary energy savings without separating CHP electricity from non-CHP electricity according to Annex 1 1 • CHP is in these cases considered highly efficient if it meets the Annex 1 1 1 criteria, and if installations >25 MWe have a total efficiency of more than 70% • CHP is high efficiency if primary energy savings of at least 10% compared to reference case • Reference case is the state-of-the-art technology for separate production in the year of construction of the planı using the same fuel • Mechanical energy generated in a CHP process can be added to CHP electricity output • Calculation of primary energy savings based on comparison of CHP's heat and electrical efficiency with reference power planı and boiler • MS can determine high-efficiency CHP with methods other !han Annex 111, if the results do, on average, meet the efficiency criteria of Annex 111 • Commission to issue harmonized efficiency reference values two years after the Directive comes into force at the • Annexes il and 111 to be adapted to technical progress
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