i v i l n l a i q l t u u h e i e d i c n w u C r h r o H el P n e t s a ea p l n e p v li i m r c o a a n t r m i k o e e n t s n s . t f L s o a u r r b g n- e a 1 r 5 t u p Mr l a a W l n t g s m a a s a r , r e k w e c h t o e m isre p pa e r s t o inv s g i m d i i a n n g l l t e h tr e h -s e v c o ha l i l a g e t h ile p e o s a t w ne d r si sp rdei sapdl a. Tc ihneg Ur eSt aCi l oeml ebci tnrei cdi t yH, et haut sa nbde nPeofwı t i negr Af rsosmo cai a mt i oonr e( Ua tSt rCa cHt iPvAe ) s p a r k el i nxep eecvt se ratbhoeu nt e3t0f0ı v0eMyWe a rosf tt oh eb 3e 2u0n0d eMrW1 5i nMcWo mi mn es irzcei a, l aCn Hd Pa nt oo tchoemr e1 0o0n0 MW in small-scale industrial generation. T ff e sh e ff o c ic h u i n e ld o n c l b o i e e g n s ie e f s f o ıt wr . F t i h t ig h e u h r m e ig a h 1 jo t p r h r de oi r v s m t id r a i e b l s u e t a e d i c c oi g e m e n n c p e i a e r r s a a , t ti i s o v u n e c t h e a c n a h a s n l yo m s lo i i s c g r i o o e f t s u e . r lb F ei u c n t e e rl i s c, c a e l lls l3e0a%d ienl eecl et rci ct ar i cl ea fl fei cfi ef i cniceyn, cpyr oc vo indveetrhsei o nh i gaht e4s0t- 6p o0 t%e.n tMi ai cl ruontduer br i nCeHsP, a t 2 0 - orepaecrhateiofnfi,caietn9cy0%le.vYeelst aablloovfethe technologies cited have the potential to 80% in CHP mode. ALTERNATIVES TO HYDROCARBONS lSo tni lgi , - thei gr mh annadt uvr oa ll agt ial es ncaotnutrraalcgt safsa pn rdi cl oe cs kmi an kceo igt emn oerrea tdi oi fnf i ccuol st ttso. eTsht ae b l i s h p rt h a r e lt i e c a e r v n il a u y n t ivc in e e o e p a n p i e n o r ty g y u is n t eis c c t r i e h c n a f o t u in lo e g g l s i a e . s " m W . a in a r k s p e te a t r o f t u i p c e e ul l n s a , i r n , i g n th d f e u o s r D t a r G i l a t e l m r b n a y a r - t k p iv e r e t o d i f s u u c i e n t l v s f e u a s e n t l i d , n g rt wreafısnteerwy agt ears ,t roefaf-tgmaesnetsg, agsl aas sr ef uarl ln saec eg mgeanst, smouf nt hi cei pma l alraknedt feı l l xohri bmi t i nu gn i c i p a l rUoSbCu sHt PgAr o. wEtl lhi o, "t tssaayyss Na ehi lo Et ml l i oatrtk, eLtesgei sgl ma tei vnet iasf fdai gi r es sCt ehragi rams ai nn f o r t h e wt oaps tuet wi na tneer ws edci gt oers. t We r as si nt e owradteerr ttor ema et meet nn et wf a cCi lliet i ea ns Wa r aet ebreAi ncgt dr ei sqcuhi raer gd e requirements. Trehpeoreciprocating engine, fuel celi and microturbine markets have all rted higher demand for biogas applications. Such niche applications hwahvi ceh baereen t ai mr gpeo tritnagn tt heen twr ya sptoei wn tast ef or r sfeugeml ceenl ti . c ion mApparni l i, etsh, ea UnSu -mb ba es er do f Wd i gAeDs Et i omn egma sb eart KFiur ien l BCreelwi Een e rCgoy mi npsat anlyl eidn tJhaepfaı rns.t Tf uheel 2c e5l0i tkaWr umn oo ln ry te n wc aarsbtoen ah teea ft ureel ccoevl ei ( M. CRFeCn)e rwu an bs l ei n eCnHe Pr g my opdoer t,f oplri oo dsutcai nn dg asrtdesa, mb et hi nr og u g h ry adopted in more and more US states, are providing an important incentive ta use blo-derived fuels. AthneoSthteirrlinegmeenrggiinnge,twechhicnhology posilioning itself far the biogas market is was edged out of the market in fhe_ıoth century by the internal comb stion engine. But, with improved technology and performance attributes, a number ofcompanies preparing Stirling engines for a comeback see an early market opportunity. Ai s tmh aej oerxat edrvnaanl thaegaet oefnSgti ni rel i n cgaenneg ai nsei lsy isnwai t cvho ltaat i l ael tfeurenl apt irvi ceef ueen lvsi.r oWn mh i leen t ti nhsei di net et hr neael nc og imn eb ,uws thi oenr ee int gbi nuer ni sn j et ac tcsr ef uaet el i hnet oa taecnoemr gbyu, sht ei oant ci sh aamp pbl ei erd teai t ht heer oh ue tl isui md e aorf ht yh de r oSgt i er l inn gs eeanl egdi n ei n. sTi dhee thheeaet negxi np ea n-d ws ht hi ceh wpourskhi negs gt haes - piston up and down ta generale energy. b "fr i e t o cm is a u p v s e is e r t y o y n e o a u d s e d y s o i t n g a t n c ho t a o n v v e fe u t r e a t l f d i r n o o je m n c et o io a n n r e l y d f a e o s r s m ig m n o u ," f c h s h a e ta y a t s t r s R y o o t u b a rc e m e rt o t L d a i i d f a y e n n t o h , t e C h e h e r i n e gf ine F( Si nEaSn )c. i aTl h Oe fSf i ct i er l ri n ga nedn gAi ndemai nl si sot rpart oo rv ifdoer st hmeo Sr et i rcl i on mg pEl en tgei naen dS yt sh toer mo usg h cs owmi t cbhui ns gt i o ni n, imn taekr ni nagl ci t oemabs ui esrt itoan c oennt rgoi nl eesmei sf tsei onn rse, qwuhi reerse at ws ef au ek il n g t a clean exhaust emissions ta meet environmental emissions standards. ARTICLE / MAKALE Lr ei dsepno nssaey st ot hhei gcho mn apt au rnayl hgaass apcr ci ceel esr aa tnedd ei tx' sp eRc&t sDt op rhoagvr aemi tms ef i risnt g e n s e t doan i rtyh ef amrma rsk. eSt EwSi t hi si n aal syaeian rv. oAl vneed ai rnl yamr ea rskeeatrfcohr pt hroeje2c5i kwWi t h utnhiet s w i l l b e c f C e e a e d l d if e l o o m r t n s a i . a r N k E e e n t v e e s r r h g t a h y r e e C le o e s m a s, s m i t ly h is e . s G i i o n e n te n f s r o n e c a t u l ss c a e o l d e m s o b n w u se lo t r i w e o n d B e o T w n U g n i d n i e n ig e i 2 s s 0 t n 0 g o 2 a t s a a n b f d r o o um t to e cp o c ri n o c t e n in o s u m . e B y u . t a t A d n b i d e e s g d e a o l s w e n n e g n i i n g n ie n th s e e c s fo a ır n l s e t t s i n h u a a e r l e f t o a d f o d 2 w e 0 n li 0 v 3 d e ur d e lu o e t w a e ta t r h e t c h o e h s it g d s h e o p n v r a e e t r s u s t r e h a e d l g D a G s taellclhonwoelosgt iecos,stasnodluthtioosne. being retrofıtted far biogas solutions stili provide Further, strong sales of dlesel englnes during the California power crisis polnted to a market more sensltlve to cost than pollutant emissions, even in the state with the country's hlghest emissions standards. There was a dramatic fail across all major DG Technologies in 2002, partly in response to high natural gas prtces . Yet the response was delayed. At ttıe height of the California power crisis, customers concerned about p 2 o 0 w 0 e 1. r reliability bought up DG units, boosting market sales in 2000 and W ı: g Y l e o A t b D t a h E l e m m c a o e r s k m t e b t a e s d h v ,C a a r n a e t p a , s g s t e a o y n o s e f , t h r t e h a c e t ip b mr io o ic g c r a a o t s t in u m r g b ai e n k n e e g s min u e a p n s u a if s b a oc o u t n u t l r y 1 e 5r s %wlow it o h l f y i a t e s 9 r m o 0 d % a in r kg e . t . Mmiacnr ou ft uarcbt ui nrei nsg, st oe l lhi negl pabt rUi nSg$p1 r0i c0e0 /sk Wb e,l oawre $e5x0p0e/ cktWi n gavnod l ucmo me p e t i t i v e w i t h w e re x h c p e i e p n c r o t S e c E d a S t t in a ' g L f i e a de i n l g n in in e e l x in s p e . e S c w t t s i i r t hl p in r r g ic e e c e s ip n g r ta o in ce f a a s t il i n a t g a t $ e $ 3 4 n 0 g 0 0 0 in 0 / e k /k W s W f . o , F r a u a r e e n l o a c t l e h sl a e ls r n a f o ı r v t e e s y e e l l a i n rs g in the $1500-4000 kW range. ci no nt ht ien ul oi nngg ttae trimg h, ttehne owni l dbcoat hr ds itsa teemai ns ds i of en ds ecroa ln tl er ovlesl st a. nAdsacr doss ,t swfhai ci l ho na r e ec e am l n t a e g n r in u n f e a a t s c iv , t e u e r m e e r n is s e s r e io g x n y p s e t e c s c t t a h t n a n d o m a lo r e d g e s ie t s w t , h ile c l l bo p e s e i r n t f h g o e r t m f h i e n a a n g l c a f e r p o b n w e ti n i e t c h r. h r mMa ai j r p o k r r s o D c s a i e e t t s i n e a g u l t by tt hh ee pArdovgarnacmemReeac ri per ot ac ai mt i npgr oEv en gbi nr eeask Pt rhoegrrma ma l e( Af f Ri c iEeSn c) .yK- etyh eo bpjeercctei vnet sa goef ot af f0u. e1 4l cgo/nkvWe rht.eBd ui tn ttoh eu fsuetfuur lewcoormk p-ettai t i v5e0n%e sasnodfrtehdeui cnec uNmObxe netm i s s i o n s t &;n,-; p pe r r e c o h g s n e ra o n m l t o ly g m y b e e i s w in a ag s l s d a c e ub s t a u i l b n e j e d th c o t e n t a 9 B t P h e r e o U p w S r h i ai S m ti e o s n n a o s t f e s p t f o a lo g li oer , obf ut h k l e e wr s a n . s e T w rh e e E st no A e r R e rg d E y S i n B ili fh the House. Bl o uwt eCr ucmo smt si nws ' i l Ji oc noen st i nsuaey st ot hbaet tt hh ee dmeamj oar nddr i fvoer r i mb ep hr oi nvde ds ael ef f si c ifeanr ct ihees t o fsoereeks eteh ea ibr l eo wf unt uer eff.i cHi ei ngchi ensa, t hu er a ls ga yass. pJroi cneess asreee sp roeps ps ion rgt ucnoi tmy pi na nt hi ees pt oe a k pi nodwu setrr ima l afrakcei lti t gi er so, whi nogs pi int aal s hai gn dh cn oa mt u mr ael rgcai as l pbrui ci l ed i negn sv i reoxnpme rei en tn. cHi neg shai gyhse r peak load rates may chose ta self-generate ta shave the peaking price. o Wm n o in r t d e h e g a m a ls s a a y r w g o i i n u ll b i s n e a v p ne e e f . a ıt k it a s iss h a a it v l m b in e o g c s o t a m p a p e o l s i n c e m a - t o t io o r n e -o s c n . o e "T m c h p o e e r r t m e it l i o a v r t e e io w w ni , t " in h s d na y a y o t s u u r T a r o u l m g n ,a t s h e Gi f rtahye, wDien pd upt yr oEdxuec ct i uotni vtea xDci rreedc itto, rc uofr rtehnet l yA mp eenr di ci an ng Wi n itnhde AEsnseorcgiya t Bi oinl i ,. iAs n d erexnpeewcteedd, twa i nsdo asra al egsa, i np.roWvei t hn ttar a bn semhi si gshi ol yn eal accset i csstar ! h i s s u b s i d y , a r e ules being improved ii ns ms t oa rt eest rl iaknes mC ai sl isf ioornn i aa ,n dw imn do rpeo ww ei nrd wai lvl abi el a bal eg, rwo wi n idn-gg ec on en cr aetrend. e" l fn e! hr ge yr e wGorauyldstaeynsd. ta go into neighbouring systems and crowd out gas plants," ENERJi & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI 61
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