54 ARTICLE / MAKALE ,..fatııe' 1:•Mıciotürtıine· rrı'ariutacturers \vittrt:ıiogas ·modei's� İiie'·,ı'- o • • ' , • ...:<, '• "-.- ,�' ,,,.--' ' '••,...·� �. \1'�,._/{-'-.; :;\C,A :�--• \:z •• :" �;.,["� . the �S a�d,Canad_a, wıth a handful of unıts ı�__Europe\_J�pap·<=!_nd,�ls�"':'.PefEt ,· ,·,>·,;.,·,,_;.., :,•·,•j'((\,.'.: .,;!:r ,;-f�, ;.,..• :, ,-:,) :-.- - -;.J �-- · .,_--,----.......____ -·""' -� - •••---....._-�,._ _.,.. .,,..,_ �,�_-_.,;,.,-.•....,__,,\.,.,....-.....� ....... -...., _.�.c.;,:......,,.,.,......_,_�'-'--�l:ı:ıiw �...�\,.'{�;....mi:_�-�-�&::.-� Manufacturer Model name Capstone C30 Biogas lngersoll Rand EcoWorks Turba Charger ETTi b Gas Turbine (TCGT) FlexEnergy Flex-Microturbine Source : Platts; data from manufacturers 'Capstone is alsa developing a 60 kW bİogas model • ETTl=Energy Technology Transition ine. ADVANTAGES FOR BIOGAS APPLICATIONS aF obremt l earnsyosl umt iaol ln dt ihgaens ttehreaanl dt elrannadt ifvi l el ssi, t we sh, i cmhi ci nr octl uu rdbei ndeosi ncga nn optrhoivnigd e , flaring off the waste gas, using it directly in a boiler, or running it t w t e h h c ro h e u t n h g o e h lo r a g o y n re - toc s i ip t u e r s o e g c . e a R n ti e e n r c g a i p t e i r o r o r n g c i i a n s t e i a n . p g O p f e r cn o o g p u i r n r i s a e e t s e , a m f r o e a r n w a y e s f l i a l t e e c t s - o ta a rs b n d d l eiftesrom, winheich ished in this market and will probably continue to be the technology of choice for lme vaen lyolfainndt ef irl leasnt da rdoiugneds tme ri cprrootjuercbt i dn ee vs edl uoep etor st. hBeui rt at hbei l irtey itso au gs er ol wo wi n g ceamloisrsifiiocnvsa, lmueofduuelal,ritthyeairnldowpomrtaaibnitlietyn.ance requirements, low NOx gCooomdpared to other possible applications for microturbines, biogas is a fit because the fuel is free or cheap, improving the "spark sthper ewaads' .teT hgea so. nCl yofl ul eecltci oonstcsoasrtse afot rmt haen yc ol al lnedcftii o n a n d p r e t r e a t m e n t o f ll sites and wastewater treatment plants are often insignificant, because, as Ron CMaelyifeorr,nEian,gpinuetseriting Associate at the Sanla Margarita Water District, , 'We would have to do something wi th it anyway, Also, grants and incentives for biogas projects are available from multiple sources, improving the economics. Between grants defraying some ofthe capital costs and the fuel bp el ai nn gt s aa nbdy -lparnoddfui l lcst iot ef st hheatvr ee asthmoewnnt ps or omcee sast t, rwa catsi vt eeweactoenr ot rmeiactsmfeonr t microturbine projects. According to our interviews, the Town of LUeSw$i3s6to,0n0W0 iantearnPnouallul stiaovninCgosn, tSroalnCEel nter, New York, is netting ijo Water Reclamation Facility, California, is saving about $48,000 annually, Eastern Municipal Water District, California, has $57,000-63,000 in electricity cost savings per y P e e a n r n , s th y e City of Allentown Wastewater Treatment Plant, lvania, is saving $25,000 per yearfor 1O years and $150,000 aWnansutaelwlyattheerrReaefstoeru,racneds,tChealDaly City Department of Water and ifornia, estimates $216,000 in savings peryear. LANDFILL SITES cLaapnadcf iiltl ygoafs3- t.o5-Me nWe r. gMyi cprrootjuercbt si nienst hheavUeSbheaevnei nasnt aal v e r a g e i n s t a l l e d led in so-called 'multipacks' of 1O, 12 or even 50 units at landfill sites, but average landfill gas-to-energy projects are generally too big to be appropriate for microturbines. Yet, with many of the larger landfil l sites already da et t ve en tl oi opnetdo, tshoemheu nl adnr defdi l sl goaf su ns pd ee vc ieal ol i sptesda sr emsaul l cecr el asnsdf uf l l y t u r n i n g t h e i r ill sites - where microturbi nes do have a niche. wS oh emree dt heev eml oept eh ar sn ae rperao ldsuocst ii toi nn gh ma si car lor et uar db yi n pees aakt eodl daenr dl ai ns df fai ll ll i sn igt eosf, f (see Figure 1). An example from Europe is Verdesis, a company in which Electricite de France has invested, which is developing old, ENERJi & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI Model Number of capacity Status units running (kW) on biogas 30 • Commercial 215 70 and 250 Commercial 10 100 Prototype 1 30 Prototype 1 closed landfills in several European countries usi ng microturbines - u B o s f e t e e rt n m r a ai n c t d r s o i C t t e u o s r u b t r i h c n a e et s ll p e a r , e t a t v h p io e a u s r s e tn l y s e i h r te i a n s d t b h a e e l c a c a r o g u m e s r e p r a e e n n c y g ip , i s n ro e a c s y a s at V i d n a e g p r e d te e n d s g ii f s n o e l r ik . es to landfi ll gas with capacities less than a few hundred kilowatts are harder to ffirnodm. Csioteurtcoesllieteaslsootmhaetnptioowneerd gtheantemraict roturbines are easier to move i on can follow the landfill gas Bp reosdi duec st i osnmcau r v e . l ler landfill sites and old, closed sites, microturbi nes are ac ol snot eanptpirsolporwi aet er . a( Ot l ragnadnf ii lcl smi taetst ei nr dder icear ycsl i mmaotrees swl ohwelrye i tnh de rmi eer t h a n e co lri ml eas tse, sw. )hMe ri ce raost umr ba inn ye ss mc aanl l t roel ec ri partoe caa tmi negt heanngei nceosn st et rnut gdgol ew wn ittoh 3a0 % methane content less than 40%. Reciprocating engines can requi re 'sweetening' with purchased natural gas or propane when the Omveethra1 n0e0 cmontent is too low. icroturbines are currently running on landfill gas in the US. Mloaodst, osifntcheelealnedcftiricity generated is exported to the grid or to a nearby ll sites tend to have small on-site loads. A site wi th a methane collection system already in place will certainly look more Laattrragcetrivlaenfdofri an electricity generation projeci than one without. ll sites in the US are required by law to have a methane collecti on system in place forsafety reasons, but many smaller sites 4 �5 3 B- 2 ::ı o o 5 1 O 15 Years 20 25 30 t rF i e m i c g e i u p . r ro e M c i 1a c. r t oi L n t a g u n r e bd n i f n i g l e l in g s e a c s s a , p n t o ro h g e d e u lp t c t t t i o h o e n f i m l p i e i o n a s k t t h s o e , u t t g h a oe p f n s t f h a a e l r l s o g ua o n s f d f s o l u v a p e rg p r e ly r .
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