62 ARTICLE / MAKALE because they reduce emissions. However, within the fmraamyeswork of the new Directive on emissions trading, CHP uffer from disadvantages because of the facı !hat the reduction of energy consumption due to CHP does not occur in the CHP plant itself, but outside its boundaries. During the wneitghotthiaistiopnarotfictuhlearDCi rHecPtivsietu, aptrioopnowsaelrsetto clarify how to deal urned down. Thus il is u e r p e m p o p li i t a t s o i i c s r e a io ! l a h n c p i sh r a o il M n l c o c e e w o s m a n s n b s e c e i s s e . r t s e S D nt f e c a o c y t r e . i s p T i t o o o h n w e d se e o r o t ue n p t r l c m a t o h n i m n e t e s e a , w l i a l n o h g c c e a l a u t i h t n d i e o in d r n g e o m pr C e o nH n o d d P t e s , t o o a o fr n e !si nht ai l mi t poeesmtn, i dsbi snui got nni sno ttmri anodsai tnl i goof fwt thi hl el ,e emMv. eemn tbuearl l yS, t ab tee sb . e int esf ei cei aml sf opr r Co bHaPb l e Benefits Of Decentralized CHP it is widely recognized !hat CHP reduces energy consumption Tcohmusp,aCreHdPtocothnetribseutpeasrattoe: generation of heat and power. ♦ reducing emissions, in particular of greenhouse gases ♦ securing energy supply by reducing energy imports ♦ Thecsoensaerervtinhge ebenenregfyi resources ls listed in the CHP Directive to justify pbHeroonwmeefovi teior,n !ohferCeHaPreasotahnerEleUssprwioeriltl yr.ecognized, yet important, ls related to the decentralization of power generation associated with CHP. Obviously, CHP offers opportunities for independent power producers, including new market entrants. This opportunity for diversification of power production should be politically welcomed to counteract the emnaerrkgeyd steecntdoer. nDc iievse ros fi f iac na t ioolni g oofp oml iasrtki ce tcaocn tcoernst rcaot i o n i n t h e uld be a valuable by-product of CHP development. Does development ofa comınon electricity market require transınission ofelectricity froııı Portugal to Finland? Decentralizing power production by CHP development also csyasutseems. imC HpoPrtparnotdbuecntieofnicoiaclceffects on the electrical grid urs near the sites where heat and power are consumed. This holds for any size of CHP cpalapnaıc, iftryomseruvninitgs loafrgseeviendral hundred megawatts of electrical ustrial sites, as well as for micro- ENERJi & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI CHP plants serving individual houses. The amount of surpl us electricity fed into the public grid is usually quite limited and twraillnsnmoritmteadllytobedisctoannstuamreeadsl.oTchally rather !han being us, CHP production relieves timhepolortaadntoenceolneocmtriiccalcotrnasnesmission systems. This effect has quences and enhances protection Taghaeinssetriebslaockf opuotwse. r blackouts !hat occurred lası year in the vreeul el l anc tet i rvri cea i l btyyi l i htsyi yg soh tfl ye emdl esec, vt her i al cosi tpyed drsauwEp unp rl yop puseby al si cnt eaamtntsde. nTNt i hoo ern t hbt ol Aa tcmhkeeo rui ct sa n dneegmleocntsetdratdeude tthoatthineveecstomnoemntisc ipnrethses electrical grid had been ure caused by li imbeprraolvizeamtieonntsofatrhee neeleecdteridc.ityThmearcket. it appears !hat costly urrent EU programme to iwncillreaalssoe pthroemcoatpeaicmitpyroovf eEmueronptseaton gtrraidnss.national grid systems But is !his an adequate answer to the vulnerability of the electrical system? Does development of a common electricity market require tTdr eha emn sagmnr oi dswss ti oho nno ofefdl eeeccl et er ci nct trari cl a i l tti yzr aefndr so mpmoi swPs eoi orr nt pu rgsoaydl sutt coe tmi Fosni n, l wtahni l l d ?r e d u c e us reducing their vulnerability. in addition large-scale blackouts may be caused not only invol untarily but also by sabotage. Protection against blackouts caused by acts of terrorism will be eni nont teh arbnnyacti eni odcnr aebl ay es ril enegcdtutr chi ceei tdi yr ctdraeapmdai acn nigt dy. si n oon r dt er ar nt so mi ni scsr ei oans es y s t e m s , The grid-relieving quality of CHP also has important economic consequences. in public electricity systems, the grid normally requires higher capital investment than the cdoercreenstpraolnizdeindgCgHePneprraotding capacity. Development of uction constitutes an alternative to cCd oeHsvPtel yl omrpaemyi nefrnoetrpcol aefcmepe ni ntv oe fs teml eecnt tr i ci na l e gl er ci dt sr i.c al nl dger ei dds, . i l nf vt eh es t m e n t s i n ublic electrical systems were rationally optimized as a whole, new CHP plants would be credited with trheel i eevxi npge n qdui at ul irt ey oi nf Cg rHi dP.r eTian kf oi nr cg e!mh iesnct r sepdai tr ei ndt odau cectoou tnht ewgoruid ld ri navdei cs at ml l ye nc thsa. nHg oewt eh ev ecr ,o mu npdeet irt i vt hee s pi trueavt ai oi lni n og f mC aHrPk e t s i tuation, !dt hhoei ser escfrnoeor det i toi rpi sr ee nrl eaovtt eat nrt ath nef so fgr er hri dri se. dTd het oec i tsehi foef ne pc oot snt eoCnnt Hi at Phl eCi ngHvr Pei ds i tnamvr eee sn tt o. r i , t w h o d r p ce e a u m p c b a i l a s ic c i i n o i t e s y n l. s e acotcnr hi cai i ntl yl veenssgytesmt, eet mnh te, sr cebof aomsr epe ,rdi st ooi n nge sobt paotbti hml i si gzh rai adt i opanrnodocf egtsehsne eoerf an tt ii nr eg A reduction in investments in electrical grids, improved perleoctetrcictiiotyn magaarkinest tabrelacvkaoluuatsbleanbdeneenfhi anced competition in the ls associated with the decentralized nature of CHP. These benefils are not as well tkaThnwheoe a w p r s e on a n l im a t e i s c s e s a t l b h o a s o f u r s t r p e i h e p er a o s m s r ts t h h o n a a c e t i s c a h e t t e a o s d v s b e a w e r y b i p t e h t r o e o e n m r n e o ee m t r r e e g o d c y v t e e f e o d f t f r hi c b t e h e ie e c b n a a csryar , ikeaer nsodtf og Ce tHt i nPg. use CHP enhances competition in the electricity market.
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