FORTUM ENGI NEERI NG rff i f llMl � ı1l ırn ıu� Co erıeration1 Waste recoven, t'R,eııewaMes & On-s1re §entrarıotı eFliegcutrreic2it)y LaInEdK2S8AMcWog. ehneeartation plant in Finland, producing 10MW from O&M to engineering and testing of various types of fuels in different power plants and boilers - FE started in 1990 to develop the Bio-CHP plant concept. The target of this concept was to combine the best solutions of power plant process design to extensive fuel knowledge and to combustion know-how. The first steps to create the basic concept and deliver a full-scale plants were taken in Mikkeli, Finland 1991 (26 MWe and 54 MW district heat). After that the first generation small-scale bio plant development started and the first references were commissioned in Kuusamo, Finland 1994 (6 MWe and 21 MW district heat) and Lieksa, Finland 1995 (8 MWe and 22 MW district heat and steam). The fuel base of the plants was mainly peat but special attention was paid to ability to utilize different wood residues, the role of which today is more and more important and they are even the main fuels used in these three plants. The fuel treatment and feeding systems were designed with special care. Fuel handling and feeding is perhaps the most vulnerable unit-process in the biomass fuelled plants. The next generation automation and O&M and expansion of the fuel range were to come in the following concepts for firing industrial process wastes and sludge's with peat and wood in Uimaharju, Finland 1993 (105 MWe and 230 MW process heat), Eilenburg, Germany 1994 (44 MWe and 120 MW of process heat), and in Kokkola, Finland 1994 (heat out put 97 MW connected to a larger set of several boilers and turbines). Moreover, the development of a special fast delivery scheme for bioplants was started in 1995. NOVEL COMBUSTION FOR BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS The firing of different type of even difficult process waste fuels and other waste derived fuels in general became of more interest in the mid 90's. Fortum started to test all kinds of fuels in its own FBC boilers, some of them mentioned above, and especially in Kauttua power planı that had been bought in 1993. Numerous efforts had alsa been started in early 90's to develop a worldwide leading numeric 3 dimensional combustion calculation and design procedures. Here, the wide range of testing programs and the use of own test facilities and boilers were the key elements to continuously feed real data back to the calculation to verify the • Fuel handling and feeding is perhaps the most vulnerable unit-process in the biomass fuelled plants. whole process of combustion design. At the same time special projects were carried out to expand the fuel-data-base serving the combustion design and to create a FBC concept better than before to control the firing of all kinds of fuels, e.g. after the commissioning of heating planı in Chudovo, Russia (1996, 8 MW fuel capacity) the system to avoid bed sintering was test- Figure 4ı A view of the ARVIKA ed and completed. To plants bolier while lifted. achieve as low NOx emissions as possible experi-ences from the coal burner-based combustion technology, where Fortum was and is collaborating with Babcock-Hitachi, Japan, were alsa successfully adapted to FBC development and design. . For small-size CHP (capacity below 50 MWe) plants the bubblıng bed combustion (BFB) concept was chosen - it has proven aut to be the most feasible and flexible to utilize different type of biomass and other fuels being relatively low cost, easy to control even in rapid load changes and fuel switches. The large-scale Fortum's own BFB concept was realized through combustion renovation projects of existing boilers. The basic solutions were demonstrated in Hameenlinna, Finland (1997, 60 MW fuel capacity) and in Kuusamo (1998, see above, were the bed system �ad never functioned according acceptable process parameters sınce the commissioning of the boiler). Next generation grid design was FSiwg eu dr ee n3. ) WD eo loi vdecr ihni gp st,h ef obr eosi lterreosfi dAuRe Vs ,I KbAa rck ,o agnedn eortahl ei ornwpol aond ı wi na s t e s are feed as fuels. E-COGENERATION WORLD & Reneable Energy ı!.
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