According to liberal gas market law No 4646, issued at 2001, BOTAŞ has to support the free gas market operation and obliged to handover at least 80 % of gas purchasing right and obligations to private gas operators, until year 2009. Gas transmitting pipe line construction, from Karacabey, Turkey up to Kornetini, Greece, is agreed to be completed, according tothe agreement signed between BOTAŞ and DEPA, in 2 years. This line can be used by private gas exporters, to transport and market the natural gas in Balkans at tirsi step and to Europe at the second step. The capacity of this pipe line is 1 o BCM/year. At the moment there are 4 gas gates to Turkey. These are, Samsun for blue stream lines, Malkoçlar lor west line, Doğu Beyazit for lranian gas, and Marmara Eregli as LNG terminal.(please see the attached map.) Next year, the fifth gate lor Azerbaijani gas will be open at the Georgian border. To diversify the resources, negotiations with lraq and Egypt Gas Authorities are going on, to check the possibilities of the additional resources and consequently to create the competitive gas prices. The competitivness in gas price is essential. Because, lor combined cycle gas power plants and cogeneration plants, 70 % of the production cost is the gas invoice. Cheaper gas offers high power of competition in free electricity market. Thanks to reasonable gas prices, power production with gas has increased 1 O times, in the period of 1990-2005. Because, natural gas is prime fuel lor gas firing combined cycle plants and cogeneration systems. in conclusion, geopgraphical situation of Turkey offers very attractive opportunities to private gas investors and operators in enlarging their gas business in Turkey, in South east Europe , and in Black sea region. We can also collaborate with multi-national investors, in Black Sea Region, to develop new gas transmission lines and operate them. The surplus gas from BOTAS Contracts may offer many opportunities lor such a collaboration up to year 2020. 2.2. ELECTRICITY (POWER) EUp to year 2001 , Turkey was not self sufficient in meeting its electricity demand with its domestic production. Shortage in electricity was met by imported electricity. ( From Bulgaria and Russia). in year 2001, Free Electricity Market Operation has been started. Today only % 42,62 of the electricity production is generated by EÜAŞ (State Utility Company), whilest % 57,38 by private power producers. Table - 2, Shows the balance of supply /demand in electricity, in turkey between 2004-20 Table-2 BALANCE OF ELECTRICITY SUPPL Y/DEMAND iN TURKEY (2004 - 201 O) Forecasted Available Balance Years Demand Generation Capacity Supply/Demand (+,-) (Gwh) (Gwh) (Gwh) 2004+ 150.000+ 192.600+ + 42.600 2005 160.000 200.000 + 40.000 2006 172.000 210.000 + 38.000 2007 184.000 215.000 + 31.000 2008 196.000 220.000 + 24.000 2009 210.000 230.000 +20.000 2010 225.000 240.000 +15.000 As we can see !rom the table: We have always a surplus electricity in the market. A part of it (%5), is necessary to maintain steady state and reliable operation of the grid (hol stand by). But the rest, can be easily marketable to the neighbors. We have already started to export electricity to lraq and to Azerbaijan. The capacity of interconnecting transmission lines between lraq, Turkey and Greece will be extended in this year. After transmission capacity increase, energy interchange between Turkey and our neighbors is expected to reach 1O 000 GWh in 2006 and 20.000 GWh in 2007. MAKALE / ARTICLE Black sea countries (including Turkey) are being on the way of the economical development. The average electricity consumption per capita (excluding Russia), which is one ofthe most reliable indicator of the development level, is approximately 2500 Kwh/year in the region. The average of European Union is 6500 kwh/year more than double. lf Black sea countries aims to catch this level of prosperity and development in 15 years, they need ta consume almost700 000 Gwh additional electricity. To generale that much electricity, Black sea countries must add 180.000 MW new capacity with new Power Plants. in Black Sea region, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Ukraina, Georgia, Maldova and Armenia are not self sufficient to meet their energy demand. Therefore, these countri es should jointly develop their energy related infrastructure and create a free energy exchange Market.(in gas, electricity and crude oil}. in establishing their infrastructure, Turkey will be pleased to offer their lessons learned and accumulated experience to their neighbours. Very fası development of Private Power sector in turkey, can be taken as a model, in enhancing the energy infrastructure in the respective countries. For example, only ENKA, our Company, in joint venture with lntergen (% 1 O}, could built almost 4000 MW combined cycle gas firing power planı under the model of BOO (Build, own, Operate). According to this model of investment, Public utility company TETAŞ guarantees, purchasing at least, 85% of the generated electricity for 15 years. There are other independent power producers in the market and Autoproducers operating cogeneration systems with very high cycle efficiency. The free electricity market is in operation since 2 years. Electricity market is very young and dynamic. Autoproducers or IPP's are establishing power purchasing contracts with their eligible consumers. System has already gained momentum. lf the subject HV interconnecting lines extensions are completed, electricity market in Turkey, can be easily enlarged towards to south east Europe and such large market can be operated in the most feasible way.The First step of this operat i ons will be the export of surplus electricity from turkish grid, to Southeast Europe. 3-CONCLUSION Budgetary resources of the Black Sea countr i es are not sufficient to perform their energy investments. Their borrowing capacities are also limited. Therefore, these investments and operat i ons, can only be realized by the private sector. lf the subject projects are feasible (il their IRR's are attractive) , you can easily provide necessary finance to undertake the projects. Enka Group, could gel 2,0 billion dollars finance in international market. il you develop similar projeci and il you are a reliable Group, lor sure, you can gel finance. il we look at all countries in Black sea region, we see that, privatization is growing very fası, private sector gained very big momentum, and is getting bigger share in the market everyday. What we need? We need to co-operate with each other. in this cooperation the role of OECD Development Centre and Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is very important.Only these lnstitutions, can improve governance and can lift-up barriers in front of private sector. 1 believe that this Forum will set-up a new horizon in creating favorable business climate in the Black sea region tor private investors and free market operators. "Kojenerasyon: Yüksek Verim, Temiz Çevre, Enerjide Yeniden Yapılanma" ♦ ENERJi & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI 1 4 7
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