r----------------------, Fl ringTemp 60% .. ,, ı" E = ,, -r------ � -- H --· ,.,,. F r (C) t- 1500 1400 1300 1200 10, ı:ı 40% +----,-----r-----r---ı----..----..-------ı 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Yeır of Shipment Flrlng Temp Figure 1. Firing Temperature and Combined Cycle Efficiency far Large lndustrial gas Turbines shown over the !ast 35 years uçak motorlarında kullanılması yarışı başladı. Uçak motorları endüstriyel gaz türbinlerine nazaran küçük olduğu için, model çalışması yapar gibi, uçakta sonuçları alıp bunu büyük ölçeklerle gaz türbinlerine uygulamak daha uygun bir yöntem olarak algılandı ve bu düşünce ile uçak motorları yapmakta olan Rolls Royce, RRAircraft, Alstom, Siemens gibi firmalarla ortak çalışmalar başlatıldı. lsSi dı Xci ram. k lBaı ğluzareamddaeaysaçi nheıokkti lrıgd aaelska pşsaı emt rhdadımre. i dk itği ri mv iez ehna vyaü k ks ae nk ast ıl ca ar ık l (ı ka li ır t üf ar bi l isn) pdaı rşç aylüazr ıl ei çr ii nygüek rseek k Aşağıda Figure tgr üi anr zcb ii nt ük krabadi nne aimdi çeı i enhl eagm2ve' a l d a iş n e k t ı i t a r k e i n l ü k m a ç k i t ü ş r e k t is i r l o e t . al mal l ni a ( unSçı Xag) köRmr eü ol nmt eo er Nuk tSee l dmei mra. l azŞneeı mdk ıi erl d. l eBe r üi nby düü eyk ünok yl aaonpl aı9l nmH ıeeş nn t ddü üür bss i tt nrr ii yyb eei ll Figure 2. Stage 1 casting of single crystal (SX) Rene 5 are shown for the 9H IGT SX'in dökümü son derece yüksek teknoloji gerektirdiği için çok pahalıdır. Ancak zamanla DS imalat maliyetinin ineceği hesaplanmaktadır. Table 1 . Gaz Türbini / Uçaklar için DS ve SX nikel bazlı süper alaşımlarda GE'nin kullandığı alaşım elemanları yüzdeleri verilmektedir. SX Çalışma Performansı GE, SX tek kristal 12 adet (H) teknoloji türbini yapmıştır. Bunlar GE'nin bugüne kadar yaptığı en yüksek kapasiteli ve en büyük boyutlu gaz türbinleridir. Bu ı ������ ��Nm��N wo�� GÜNCEL / AGENDA SIEMENS SGT 4000 (V 94.3A) UPGRADE The subject paper has been presented by Hans Maghon and O/af Kreyenberg in the Conference . Upgrade at Mainz-Wiesbaden The first fi ring of the new pi ant KMW3 took place in may 2000 with final handover to the custom (KMW), in july 2001. This was V 94. 3A unit, designed and manufactured by Siemens. Although the new plant was handed over, Siemens continued to work on site in close partnership with KMN: The new upgrade technologies include: O Slightly redesigned compressor blades and vanes on stages 1 and 2 and inlet guide vanes far increased mass flow. O Row 4 turbine blades re-staggered to reduce aerodynamic losses at increased massflow. O Redesign of improved Ceramic Heat Shields (CHS) Material to reduce service cost. O Changes to operating parameters to stay in premix mode at turn down below % base Joad with required emissions limits. O World first installations ofa Hidrau/ic Clearance Optimization (HCO) system to control turbine blade-tip c/earances. Al/ of this optimization measures were implemented at the Mainz-Wiesbaden power plant between 2002 and 2004. The gas turbine's output was increased by 8 MW and its efficiency boosted by O, 3 %. Extrapolaited fara new power plant (under same boundry conditions as in Mainz), an efficiency of over 58, 5 percnt in combined cyc/e duty can be obtained. UPGRADING OF 701 f GAS TURBINES, US/NG MHI LATEST 'F' CLASS TECHNOLOGY ENEL La Spezia combined cyc/e power plant in ltaly, has two Fiat Avio 701 F gas turbines, that were instal/ed in 1999 and 2000. After 4 years operation the fol/owing upgrading works have been performed by MHI. O Modifications on hat gas path in the /ine with the latest design of MHI. O lmprovment of the cooling of turbine blades (row 1 and row 3) O lmprovment of Combuster materials. O Modification on the original TG 701 F main and pilot nozzles. The following performances have been obtained at the endofthe upgrading: O GT power output is increased apr. 4,5 %. O Heat rate is reduced down ta 1596 kca/lkwh from 1615 Kca/lkwh. (% 1,2) ENERJİ & KOJENERASYON DÜNYASI 29
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