Enerji ve Çevre Dünyası 43. Sayı (Temmuz-Ağustos 2006)

20 NEWS / HABERLER EBRD launches 1 .5-billion-euro initiative to cut energy waste and pollution The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on Monday launched a new initiative !o cut energy waste and pollution across the 27 countries in which it operates. it came as !he bank mulls investing in a controversial oil and gas projeci on the island of Sakhalin, 40 kilometres (25 miles) off Japan's coast, amid protests from environmentalists, geologists and community leaders. The EBRD was founded in 1991 !o assist !he transition of former communist nations to market economies and operates in countries in central and eastern Europe and central Asia. it unveiled its Sustainable Energy lnitiative at its annual conference here to encourage clean and renewable energy projects while making the region it operates in more energy efficient. "lf the EBRD (countries) had !he energy efficiency of Europe, world energy d!heamna7n.d0 wpeoruclednbe reduced by more t," bank president Jean Lemierre told delegates. "That is why !he bank is launching a Sustainable Energy lnitiative focused on climate change and energy efficiency," he said on !he second and final day of !he conference. Under !he initiative, !he bank will invest up to 1.5 billion euros (1.9 billion dollars) in energy efficiency, renewable and clean energy projects over !he next three years. With further fınancing from other investors it is hoped !hat fıgure could rise to 5.0 billion euros. The bank aims also !o win an additional 100 million euros from donor governments. The EBRD aims !o double its fınancing for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, while developing feasability studies for newer renewable technologies. 1 Untapped potential - solar thermal heating in industrial applications. At 30%, !he industrial sector of OECD countries has !he highest share of total energy use of any part of !he economy, closely followed by transport. Yet because energy from fossil fuels has long been cheap and seemingly infinite, manufacturing companies have so far laken only modest steps towards replacing energy from fossil fuels with energy from renewable sources. The use of solar energy in manufacturing and industrial processes, and !o generale heat for production halis, has been limited to just a few applications. The vast majority of solar thermal collectors that have been installed world-wide, representing a total thermal capacity of around 105 GW!h, are used almost exclusively for domestic hol water or for ENERJi DÜNYASI TEMMUZ-MUSTOS 2006 swimming pools and space heating in !he residential and tourism sectors. Therefore, one of !he first steps for IEA Task 33/IV was to investigate !he potential of solar process heat, to document existing plants and uses, and to analyse !he experiences gained from these plants. Studies of the potential in three countries - Spain,Portugal and Austria - have shown !hat !he need for lowtemperature industrial heat, which could be supplied using solar heat, is around 26 PJ (technically achievable potential). Even if only 5% of !his potential were to be achieved in !he coming years, equal !o only 0.6 % of !he low-temperature heat requirement of these three countries, !his would require !he installation of one million square metres of collectors with a capacity of 700 MW!h. Avrupa İmar ve Kalkınma Bankası, enerji sarfiyatı ve kirliliğin azaltılması için 1.5 milyar Euro tutarında teşvik veriyor Avrupa İmar ve Kalkınma Bankası, günü, faaliyet gösterdiği 27 ülkede, enerji sarfiyatı ve kirliliği azaltmak üzere yeni bir girişimde bulundu. Banka, yıllık konferansında, faaliyet gösterdiği ülkeleri enerji açısından daha randımanlı kılarken, bir yandan da temiz ve yenilenebilir enerji projelerini teşvik etmeye yönelik Sürdürülebilir Enerji Girişimini açıkladı. Bankanın başkanı Jean Lemierre, delegelere, "Avrupa İmar ve Kalkınma Bankasının hizmet verdiği ülkeler, Avrupa'daki enerji randımanına sahip olsa idi, dünya enerji talebinde, yüzde 7'den daha fazla bir düşüş yaşanabilirdi" şeklinde açıklama yapmıştı. El değmemiş potansiyelsanayi uygulamalarında güneş enerjili ısıtma sistemleri %30 ile, OECD ülkeleri sanayi sektörünün, ekonomide kullanılan toplam enerji içindeki payı en yüksektir, hemen ardından ise ulaşım sektörü geliyor. Fosil yakıtlarından gelen enerji uzun süredir ucuz ve neredeyse sonsuz olduğu için, bugüne kadar imalat firmaları, fosil yakıtlarından gelen enerji yerine yenilenebilir kaynaklar kullanmak üzere, sadece küçük girişimlerde bulunmuşlardır. Dünya çapında kurulu olan ve toplam ısıl kapasitesi yaklaşık 105 GWth civarında olan termal güneş enerji kolektörlerinin büyük çoğunluğu neredeyse sadece evsel sıcak su elde edilmesi ve turizm sektöründe yüzme havuzları ve ısınma amaçları ile kul/anılıyor.

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