enacted. in year 2002 and 2003 giant BOO plants were put in operation one by one (total capacity of 6.000 MW). Cons quently, electricity eimporting Turkey, became an electricity exporting country to its neighbour countries. At the end of 2004, Turkey had 6.000 MW stand by capacity which is corresponding to 42.600GWh. This surplus electricity the wholesale operates to export electricity with the competitive prices. Now Turkey started to export einlteecrtcriocnitnyetcotilnragqtraannd Azerbaijan. The capacity of smission lines between lraq, Turkey and Greece will be extended in 2005. After transmission capacity increase, energy interchange between Turkey and our neighbours is expected to reach to 10.000 GWh in 2006 and 20.000 GWh in 2007. 5. GAS MARKET According to the OECD, the framework established by the new Gas Market Law No 4646, particularly the requirement of divesture of gas by BOTAS, has a strong chance of fostering a competitive gas market in Turkey within a reasonable number of years. 5.1 Natural Gas Demand Turkey consumed 27.0 Bcm of natura! gas (nearly ali imported) in 2005, up from 4.3 Bcm consumed in 1991. in 2003, the Turkish power sector accounted for about 65% of total Turkish gas demand, with the industrial and residential sectors accounting for 19% and 14%, respectively (fertilizer production took the remaining 2%). Prior to Turkey's severe economic problems (plus price deregulation moves) in 2001, Turkish natura! gas demand had been projected to increase very rapidly in coming years, with the prime consumers expected to be natural-gas-fired electric power plants and industrial users. Now, however, state natura! gas and pipeline company BOTAS has revised its natura! gas demand growth projections down sharply based on Turkey's economic problems, from about 45.0 Bcm) in 2005 to under 25.0 Bcm in that year, a 45% downward revision. 5.2 Natural Gas lmports The 0.6 Bcm of natura! gas that was produced in Turkey in 2004 could meet only 3.8% of domestic consumption. The rest was imported either by pipelines or as liquefied natura! gas (LNG). Turkey's natural gas consumption is expected to grow rapidly, quadrupling within the next 20 years, with 55.0 Bcm gas consumption projected tor the year 2020. Getting this capacity by domestic production would require USD 4.5 billion in foreign investment over about the next 20 years. Presently, the largest share of Turkey's imported natura! gas comes from Russia (30 Bcm contract ceiling), much of it via the newly-completed Blue Stream Pipeline, which will provide GÜNDEM/AGENDA Turkey with 16.0 Bcm of gas over the life of a 25-year agreement that began in 2002. However, Turkey is trying to diversify its sources, and is considering Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Nigeria, lraq, and ıran as possible sources. Under a 25-year deal signed in 1996, Turkey plans to buy up to 1 O Bcm of natural gas per year from ıran through 2007. i n December 2001, gas deliveries from ıran finally began, after repeated delays. Blue Stream has been made by ltalian ENi -Gas Prom Joint Venture. Tending Price is 3.5 billion US$. - ,..,....,.....,...........u,,..c..-rUCMOıt _ fM'IWetGtıa.........-Unııı.rt.,.,...lnıı - c..... oıı•ı 11-• 5.3 Natural Gas Export MMm.ı•Cra(ıhtLNO ......t leı� �w.ıweto..u�.,_..sı...,... Up to 1995, natura! gas supply could not meet the growing demand of the Market. To secure long-term gas supply to industrial consumers, BOTAS signed many gas purchasing contracts, so much that their annual capacities reached up to 67.8 BCM/year. This capacity can meet, acoording to long term forecast, Country's gas requirement even tor 2020. Theretore, nowadays, a considerable surplus appeared in gas supply. Now, BOTAS is searching the options to export the surplus gas to south-eastern Europe. For this purpose, an interconnecting gas pipeline from Turkey to Greece is agreed to be constructed. The subject pipeline is under construction now. The below map shows planned gas routes to Balkan and Middle European Countries. • ENE RJ i 0ÜNYASI KASIM 2006 33
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