Executive Summary of National Communication Plan Turkey is the thirty-fourth /argest country in the world with an area of 783,562 km2. The total land of the country is c/assified as 35% agriculture /and, 18% pastures and meadows, 2 7% forests and the other uses 20%. Turkey is /ocated in the Mediterranean macro-c/imatice zone that lies between the temperate and sub-tropica/ zones at western parts of the continents, al/owing the country to have widely diverse regional and/or seasonal variations ranging from extremely harsh winter conditions to very hot, dry summers. The south and west of the country /ie under the influence of the Mediterranean c/imate with hot and dry summers and coo/ and rainy winters. The c/imate on the coast of the Black Sea is colder and more rainy. Northeast Anatolia has the characteristics ofa continenta/ c/imate: winters are long and severe and summers are short and co/d. The Central Arıato/ian plateau is under the inf/uence ofa steppe c/imate with arid . and hot summers and cold winters. Energy 24.3 mtoe in 2004. in 2004, The total coal production amounted to 43%, biomass 23%, oil and natural gas 1 2%, hydro, geothermal and wind electricity 1 7%, other renewable sources 5% and of primary energy production. During the same period, both TFC and TPES have increased with an average annual rate of 3.7% and reached 87.8 mtoe from 53 mtoe (Figure 1.1 ). Oil accounted for the largest share of demand with 37%; it is followed by the natural gas with 23%, hard coal with 16%, lignite with 1 1 %, biomass with 6% and, hydro with 5% and other renewables 2% in 2004. in 2004, renewable energy sources, excluding hydro, accounted for 6.8 mtoe. This included non-commercial wood (4.3 mtoe), animal and vegetable waste ( 1 .2 mtoe), followed by geothermal energy (0.9 mtoe) and solar energy (0.4 mtoe). Per capita energy consumption increased from 944 koe in 1990 to 1 234 koe in 2004. 100000 90000 80000 70000 The changing structure ofthe Turkish economy is particularly evident in the energy sector. The most signifıcant change in the structure ofTurkish fuel consumption has been the increase in electricityand natural gas consumption. The growing demand for electricity was met mainly by thermal and hydro sources, where these renewables continued to maintain their share of overall production. lnstalled capacity being 1 6,3 1 8 MW in 1990 has reached 36,824 MWwith additional 20,506 MW, by the end of 2004. Solid Waste in 2004, total solid waste collected by municipalitieswas 25 mt demonstrating an increase of4 1 % in comparison to 1 7.8 mt in 1 994. According to this fıgure, the per capita average solid waste produced in 2004 was 1 .3 1 kg. Special Circumstances of Turkey Turkey's position with respect to the U NFCCC process means that the Over the period 1 990-2004, Turkey's demand forgeneral energy and electricity energy has increased at an annual rate of 3.7% and 7.2% respectively. in parallel, the TPES average annual growth rate 3.7% TFC average annual growth rate 3.7% population growth rate of 1 .7% and GDP growth rate with a 1 .3% was during the same period. Total primary energy production decreased from 25.5 mtoe in 1990 to o a, � a, -Total Primary Energy Supply Figure 1.1 Historical Trend of Energy Use gj a, a, � o o o N "' o o N -Total Final Comsumption 1 ENERJi DÜNYASI ŞUBAT 2007 & -54---I=====::::::::: =:::.�=:.:...:::.:::...._.=========="--- � "Enerjide Sürdürülebilirlik ve Küreselleş m e: Verimlilik, Emisyonlar, Yeni PiyasaOluşumlan"
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