commitments accepted by the Turkish Government is to be based on equity and fairness by duly taking into account the "differentiated responsibilities" and "individual circumstances" ofthe parties concerned. On the basis of main economic indicators, Turkey's degree of industrialisation is not yet comparable to that of most other OECD countries. This implies that the special circumstances in Turkey would be taken into consideration for other additional obligations that are defineci for Annex I countries. Turkey managed to produce 12.3% of the total primary energy supply from renewables in 2004. Nevertheless, since domestic resources are not able to meet the demand, the country remains a net energy importer, with a high ratio of import dependency: reaching 72%. Turkey is calling for equality of sacrifice rather than equal reduction in emissions. The required obligations will only be just ifthey reflect the different structures and capabilities of the country's economy. Therefore, it is fair to compare the emissions with not only the developed Annex 1 countries, but with the developing countries not listed in Annex 1. lnventory ofGreenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Turkey's total GHG emissions excluding LUCF rose from 1 70. 1 Tg to 296.6 Tg CO2 eq between 1990 and 2004. Over the period, GHG emissions from the energy sector have risen from 132.1 Tg to 227.4 Tg CO2 eq placing the 350 300 250 200 150 100 ---�1 1 1-l-ı -1-II ■-•-• � - - - 50 o -50 -100 •-• ı_ o � o o o N N N • Energy lndustrial processes • Agriculture • Waste ■ LUCF Fig. 1 .2. Sectoral Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals between 1 990 and 2004 sector with the largest share of 76.7%, followed by the waste disposal and industry sectors, with shares of 9.3% and 8.9% respectively, (Figure 1.2). GHG emissions rose steadily between 1990 and 2004 due to Turkey's steady population growth and industrialisation after the mid- 1 990s. However, the share of emissions from the energy sector within the total GHG emissions (without LUCF) per capita fell from 78% to 76.7% during this period. This fail is a result of several changes mainly including: i. shifting from coal to natural gas in electricity generation and residential consumption, ii. introduction of alternative fuel sources, iii. new technology engines in the transport sector and the removal ofold, polluting cars from the road. in 2004, CO2 makes up the largest proportion ofTurkey's total emissions, accounting for 8 1 .6%, while CH 4 has a share of 15.6%. The next largest share in total emissions is from N2O with 1 .9%, followed by F gases with 1 .0% Turkey as an Annex 1 country, had the ratio of 3.3 ton CO2 emissions per capita in 2003. The country is listed atthe bottom among OECD, EU-15 countries and also below the world level holding respective ratios of 1 1 . 1 , 9.0 and 4.0 ton CO2 per capita in 2003. (Table 1 . 1 ) Table 1 . 1 . GHG and CO 2 Emission lndicators for Turkey and Relative Parties of UNFCCC (2003) CO 1 Emissions CO/Per GHG Emissions GHG without capita without without LUCF LULUCF/ Capita CO1 eq (Tg) LUCF (ton) CO 1 eq(Tg) CO 1 eq (ton) EU-I5 3,447 9.0 4, 18 10.9 EU-25 4,064 9.0 4,925 i l .O OECD 12,78 1 1 . 1 NA NA Annex-1 Countries 14,289 12.2 17.288 14.7 Non- EIT Parties 1 1 ,633 13.4 13.855 16.0 World 24,983 4.0 N,l NA Turlcey 231 39144 286,3 4.1 ♦ ENERJi OÜNYASI ŞUBAT 2007 1 "EnerjideSürdürülebili�ik ve Küreselleşme: Verimlilik, Emisyonlar, Yeni PiyasaOluşumlan" � ===�-------'==='-----------+-55
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