that aim at accomplishing existing policies through the use ofvarious policymaking methods and related procedures. Obligations under lnternational Laws Turkey's obligations under international law stem from multi-lateral conventions and protocols that it has been a party to. Turkey has ratified over 50 international legal dispositions in relation to the environment lnternational environmental declarations and agreements mainly related to climate change that Turkey became a party to include: UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution ( 1 979), Convention forthe Protection ofthe Ozone Layer ( 1985), Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ( 1 987), Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and Agenda 2 1 ( 1 992), Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests ( 1992), Convention on Biological Diversity ( 1 994), Convention to Combat Desertification ( 1 995), lnternational Energy Agency (IEA) and participates in the work of the lnternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the lnternational Maritime Organization (IMO) and lnternational Union of Railway Companies(UIC) National Strategy for Action on Climate Change The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) is initially responsible for environmental legislation and policy development, while other ministries are responsible for integrating environmental policy targets laid out in the lntegrated National Environmental Strategy for EU Accession (UCES) within their respective fields. MoEF has the primary intention of harmonising ali their policies and applications, and especially the Environment Law, with the general environmental policies of EU. This is based on the concepts of "pollution prevention" ratherthan "pollution control", the prevention ofpollution at source, minimisation ofwaste, utilisation of best techniques and technologies, the efficient use of energy, effective application ofthe inspection system and application of the "polluter pays" principle. The cost of investments aiming at environmental protection has the biggest share in the harmonization period expenses ofTurkey. lmproving Air Quality Work related to air quality is being carried out within the scope of the By-law on Air Quality Control issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. And furthermore, the air quality related provisions ofthe By-law on Air Quality Control are stili effective. With the purpose of harmonising EC legislation on air quality with framework legislation, a project named Support to Turkey in the field ofAir Quality, Chemicals and Waste Management" was started in 2004. The fırst component of this project is Air Quality; it is aiming to reflect the contents of EC Framework Air Quality Directive on our National Air Quality Act and to the activities for measuring air quality along with the reflection of the provisions of The Directive of Large Combustion Plants Directive on our domestic legislation. The Draft By-law on Air Quality Assessment and Management was prepared in such a way that it covers four daughter directive By-laws aimed at strengthening monitoring, sanctioning and institutionalisation in the area of controlling pollution and air quality. Seven directives are included in the scope ofthe lndustrial Pollution Control, among these, the studies related to the lntegrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (IPPC 96/6 1 /EC) and Large Combustion Plants Directive (LCP-2001/80/ EC) have been started. in addition, the Chemicals and Waste Management Project will be studied within the scope of the Support to Turkey in the field ofAir Quality. Waste Management Waste is controlled by regulations underthe Control of Solid Wastes, Control of Medical Wastes and Hazardous Waste Control Management. The responsible authorities for solid waste management in Turkey are the MoEF, MolT, Ministry of lnterior Affairs, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, municipalities, chambers oftrade and industry 1 ENERJi DÜNYASI ŞUBAT 2007 ♦ -58 -l====----======--=======----====--======"-- "Enerjide Sürdürülebilirlikve Küreselleşme: Verimlilik, Emisyonlar, Yeni Piyasa Oluşumlan"
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