Oliviero BERNARDINI ltalian Regulatory Authority lor Eledricity and Gas ICCI 2001 BİLDİRİSİ The role of CO-GENERA TION in the libera/isation of ltalian energy markets Wu saesdt ei nhienadtu gs terni ael rpa rt oe cd ei sn soens si ni t et hpeofwi r setr hpar ol fdoufctthi oen 2w0 tahs cwei ndteul ryy adendvehloapsmbeenetnaosfagrmeaetahnisstoofriscaavl iinmgpeortance in ltaly's i n d ustrial xpensive imported fuels. Heat intensive industries that produced electricity in excess of dt hi reei rc trl ey qt uoi rceums teonmt se russ.eHdotwo esveel i r ,i tatfot el ro cnaalt ieol en ac lti rsi caittiyo nc oomf tphaen i e s o r oeblelicgteridc ptoowseelir eindustry in 1962 industrial auto-producers were xcess power production to Enel at unattractive prices and co-generation declined rapidly. The time for a comeback became ripe in the second half of the 1980s. The high oil prices after the oil embargo and the ıran - lraq war led to the emanation of law n. 382 in op rne sf ecraernctei apl upbu lri cc hfausned i pn rgi c. eTsh ef o Cr ai Pt ont. a6l omf e8 cyheaanri ss .mH roewceovgenri s, ei t s welaims innaottioonnloyftthheew3hMolWesathlerepsrhicoinldgwmheicchhanism but above all the triggered the rapid pg rr oo wv i tdhe od fac so t- ag ret ni negr abtai osni s pfloarn tt h. ei n prreotcr oessps eocft ,l i tbheer aml i seacthi oann i s m eu nl i gd ei bri tl i at yk eans actot-hgee neenrda toi nf gt hpel adnet sc awdeer. ei ns uf af fci ct ,i et nhtel ycloonods iet i ot hnas t f o r tchoe- rgme nael rpartoeddu co tui ot pnu wt aa ns df rtehqeu en en tt l yr eosnu l l yt oaf st hmea bl l ypl aawr t owfaosvtehrea l l gc roo- wg et hn eorfa itni ndge pp el anndt es nwt ep roewoer rd eg er ende ruant od resr. tSh eo Cm i aPn yn . 6 mapepcrhoavnailspmrotcheaststhine 1G9o9v4e;rbnyment was obliged to terminate the this time a total of 869 requests for approval had been received for a total installed electric power amounting.to about 14 GW. At the end of 2000 1982 which excluded from Enel's reserve gh ee an te raant di o np of wr oemr pr el annet ws awbi tl eh cs oa up raccei tsy al onwd ef rr ot mh a n 3 p iM n r s W o t je a ; c ll it i t n s ag . l s L n o a e tw p e r ro g i v n e i d n t e e h r d e a f t d i i n e n g a c n a c c d a i e n p g a E c f n i o t e y r l ' , s s t p h d e e if c f ii n i f c i c c u r ltei ea ss i inng aetntveinr ot i nomn eg ni vteanntdo ttoh et hper or at et icotni oanl aonf dt heef f i c i e n t u s e op rf oegnrearmg ym, ea bsohvoer t layl l atfht eer ttehremCi nhaet ironno boyf lt hdei s an us tcel er , a r ce un el mr gi nyast ecde ni ne . sTwheeespei nwg ecr eh arnegf leesc toe nd ti nh et hl tea l1i a9 n8 8 ne an tei or gnya laen nd ecr goy- gpel naenr awt ihoi cn ha rseccoorgnnei sr setdo nr ee ns eowf a b l e ltaly's energy policy. The growth in co-generation in the 1990s as a result of Government acts has been impressive. ti nh set at ol l et adl ao pr pwr oa vs eadt cs ao pmaec i st yt awg eh i co hf i hmapdl ebme eennt a t i o n amounted to 12 GW. Tr ehseu lgt roofwt ht he si ne cGoo- gveenr nemr aet ni otnaicnt st hhea s1 9b9e0esn a s a impressive, as indicated in table 4. in this ds eh ac raed eo fctoo -t ga el tnheer ramt i na gl gceanpea rcai tt yi n gi n cc raepaascei tdy i ft rso m in this decade co-generating capacity increased its i1n2ttoota1l 9ge%n,eeravteinngdceasppaitceittyhe significant growth (table 5). By far the most conspicuous growth in installed capacity a p hl a l s a s o n t c s in o w m th i e l e l f c cr o o o n m m ti i n n c u g o e m f t e b o w i n i ne y c d e r a e c r a y s s c a e le s t p h th l e a e i n r t r c s e o ; m n th ta r e i ib n s u i e n t g io n ppllaannttsaaprperoavlraelsadcyomtaekiongn lpinae. Co-generation rt in the process of lai bl reeraadl iys actoi onnt r ai bnudt et oadsa my , utchhr oausg h5 0s p%e ctiof i ct haeu tcot ti oanl s power sold on the liberalised market. Ae nna uc mt ebd ebr eotfwl ae we ns 1a9n8d9 mai nndi s t1e9r9i a2l dl aei cd r tehees b a s i s for a rapid revival of co-generation . Deliberations Cb yi Pt hne. i1n5t eor f- m1 9i n8i s9t earni adl Cp ri i Pc i nng. 3c4o mo fm1i t9t e9e0 , per on av ci dteedd early criteria for co-generation and established share of total thermal generating capacity from 12 to 19 %, even despite the significant growth in total generating capacity. Because of its important role in conserving ltahwe pnr. ic1eOsffinoar npcoewdecr atrpaitnaslfeers to E n e l . in 1 9 9 1 xpenditures for co-generating plants w( mi teh cphoawn iecragl , eenl ee cr at rti ico na nr ed ptrheesremnat i ln) ge na et rl eg ya sst u1pOp l%i e so, f bt uott ahl a d r lla i e m w si u t e n lt . d s 1 e w O f e f , e r w c e t h s o i c b d h t u a e e in l i t e m o d i p n u a o n t o e d r e d f ru t h l n a e d w in u n g p . . p T 9 er , h e p lim u m b it l o i s os h f t e 3 c d o M n in W s p p i a o c r u n a o t ll u h e s e l with capacity of co-generating plants excluded from Enel's reserve adentdemrmainneddatebyd Eobneligl'sataovryoipduerdchcaossetss. of electricity at prices Fn eowl l o cwoi n- ggefnr oemr a tl ianwg pnl.a 9n ,t tahned ctoh nedti tei or mn ss ffoorr tEhneedl epvuer cl ohpams eesn twoefr e ec asst aebol i sf hCei dP b1y5 daenldi b eCr iaPt i o3n4 ,Ct hi Pe sne. w6, eer en afci ntaend cien d1 t9h9r 2o .u Ag hs in t h e electricity tariffs charged to end users and were not dependent energy resources, co-generation is given special rmeacrokgentisti.oinn in ltaly's newly liberalised electricity and gas the new wholesale market co-generated power is to o ob f f e e c g l o e iv n c e g tr n e ic s pi t t r i y o e nf e ear rnedd parci ocrei tsysf otor tdri as npsamt ci hs isni og no vn ee trwaol l rok st hien r tshoeucr caesse xcept for renewable energy. it is non taken into c ec o o le n n c t sri idbeurtai ot ni o nt hfaot r rtehnee pwuarbploeseenoefr gdye tseor mu ricnei nsgmt hu es t 2m%a k e t o tricity inputs of companies supplying more than 100 GWh to t in he domestic market . The Single Buyer, which is the t f to ro e d m r iv m t e h e r e s d i i f p a y o r y i o t s l r a e r n e sp d so o s u n e r s c l i l b i e n l s e g, f i g t o i t r v oi b n t u g h y e pin r f g e r af p e n o r c e w h n i e s c r e e f d r t o o m m c a o r p k - r g e o e t d , n u i e s c r e a r r e t s e q d u o ir r ed ph aovwee rb ea se nwi eml lmaesdtioa t reel yn er ewcaobgl en i ss eo du rcaes se. l Fi gi inbal el l yc, l iael ln tcso -f goer nneartautroarl s gas purchases for use in co-generation.
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